A cholera vaccine containing killed vibrios and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) was used to compare mucosal immunization routes for induction of systemic and mucosal Ab. Four groups of women were given three monthly immunizations by the rectal immunization (R(imm)) route, nasal immunization (N(imm)) route, or vaginal immunization route during either the follicular (V-FP(imm)) or luteal (V-LP(imm)...

BACKGROUND Brief, valid, and reliable dietary and physical activity assessment tools are needed, and interactive computerized assessments (ie, those with visual cues, pictures, sounds, and voiceovers) can reduce administration and scoring burdens commonly encountered with paper-based assessments. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this pilot investigation was to evaluate the comparative validity and re...

This paper proposes and investigates an enhancement of the IMM estimation (referred to as smoothing-enhanced IMM or SE-IMM) at the expense of a reasonable increase in computation. It is based on improved reinitialization of the IMM filter by IMM smoothing. An approximate IMM smoothing (IMMS) algorithm is provided. To maintain a minimum overall computational load, the SE-IMM scheme is applied on...

For maneuvering target tracking problem, interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm performs better than single model algorithm, however, it also has some shortcomings. This study is devoted to propose a high accurate IMM algorithm. An improved IMM algorithm, named Switched IMM(S-IMM), is proposed. The S-IMM algorithm consists of two independent IMM filters with different model sets, CV(constan...

BACKGROUND Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II expression is not normally detected on sarcolemma, but is detected with lymphocytic infiltrates in immune-mediated myositis (IMM) of humans and dogs and in dysferlin-deficient muscular dystrophy. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine if sarcolemmal MHC is expressed in active IMM in horses, if MHC expression is associated with lymphocytic...

Transition-state theory has led to the design of Immucillin-H (Imm-H), a picomolar inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). In humans, PNP is the only route for degradation of deoxyguanosine, and genetic deficiency of this enzyme leads to profound T cell-mediated immunosuppression. This study reports the biological effects and mechanism of action of Imm-H on malignant T cell lines an...

The Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) estimator is a suboptimal hybrid filter that has been shown to be one of the most cost-effective hybrid state estimation schemes. The model of hybrid system and the IMM algorithm, initially proposed by Blom, may serve as a basis for synthesis of more efficient filters for tracking maneuvering aircraft. In this paper we present a number of specific features o...

This paper presents a performance evaluation of nonlinear filtering with Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) algorithm for implementation on Indonesian coastal radar target tracking system. On this radar, target motion is modeled using Cartesian coordinate but target position measurements are provided in polar coordinate (range and azimuth). For this implementation, we investigated two types of no...